LibGuides: W. Brent Burgin Archives: Lumbee

Lumbee

The Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina
In southeastern North Carolina, amongst the pines, swamps, and dark waters of the Lumbee River, you will find the heart and homeland of the Lumbee People. The ancestors of the Lumbee came together in the shelter of this land hundreds of years ago - survivors of tribal nations from the Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan language families, including the Hatteras, the Tuscarora, and the Cheraw. The ancestors of the Lumbee were recognized as Indian in 1885 by the State of North Carolina. In 1956, Congress recognized the Lumbee as an Indian tribe while denying the People any federal benefits that are associated with such recognition – an action that the Lumbee continue to fight today.
The Roots of Lumbee Language

Politics

Indigenous Self-Government under State Recognition: Comparing Strategies in Two Cases
Analysis of how two state-recognized Native nations, the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina and the Waccamaw Indian People of South Carolina, have operated as political actors; have maintained their communities; have organized politically and socially; and have asserted their right to self-determine by engaging state—and at certain times federal—politics to address needs within their communities.
“If You Are Not at the Table, You Are on the Menu” Lumbee Government Strategies Under State Recognition
Defining the Political Landscape: The Pursuit of Lumbee Recognition

Resources

Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South by Malinda Maynor Lowery
Call Number: E 99 .C91 L69 2010
North Carolina's Lumbee Indians are the largest Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River. Malinda Maynor Lowery, a Lumbee herself, describes how, between Reconstruction and the 1950s, the Lumbee crafted and maintained a distinct identity in an era defined by racial segregation in the South and paternalistic policies for Indians throughout the nation. They did so against the backdrop of some of the central issues in American history, including race, class, politics, and citizenship.
The Lumbee Problem by Karen I. Blu (Afterword by)
Call Number: E 99 .C91 B57 1980
Originally published in 1980, The Lumbee Problem traces the political and legal history of the Lumbee Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina, arguing that Lumbee political activities have been powerfully affected by the interplay between their own and others' conceptions of who they are.
The Lumbee Indians by Malinda Maynor Lowery
As the largest tribe east of the Mississippi and one of the largest in the country, the Lumbees have survived in their original homelands, maintaining a distinct identity as Indians in a biracial South. In this passionately written, sweeping work of history, Malinda Maynor Lowery narrates the Lumbees' extraordinary story as never before. The Lumbees' journey as a people sheds new light on America's defining moments, from the first encounters with Europeans to the present day.
Reinterpreting a Native American Identity: Examining the Lumbee through the Peoplehood Model by Eric Hannel
The ongoing and morphing politics behind the federal government’s denial of full Lumbee tribal recognition. At the core of the Lumbee struggle for federal recognition are issues of cultural authenticity, racism, misrecognition, and assimilation grounded in a longer history of colonialism. Beyond merely describing why denial has continually occurred, this book takes an American Indian Studies approach through the use of the Peoplehood Model developed by Tom Holm et al as a way of arguing for a better and more consistent recognition process grounded in Indigenous methodology and worldview.

As We Cooked: As We Lived: Lumbee Foodways, By Malinda Maynor Lowery
The hymn of choice, one of my grandmother's favorites and the one we sang at her funeral two years later, was "Lord I've Been a Hard Working Pilgrim." Because she worked, as she cooked, as she sang, as she lived. First we share with our families, as Emma Locklear and Eric Locklear (no relation) learned from their elders.

The Only Land I Know: A History of the Lumbee Indians by Adolph L. Dial; David K. Eliades
Call Number: E 99.C91 D52 1996
This is the standard history of the Lumbee Indian people of southwestern North Carolina, the largest Indian community in population east of the Mississippi. Dial and Eliades trace the history of this group through 1974. Among the subjects covered are the Lumbee during the colonial period and the revolutionary War; the Lowrie war; the infamous Lowrie Band of the Civil War; the development of the Lumbee educational system; Lumbee folklore; and the modern Lumbee.

Oral history interview with Ruth Dial Woods, June 12, 1992 interview L-0078, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Oral history interview with Carnell Locklear, February 24, 2004 interview U-0007, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Oral history interview with Barry Nakell, October 1, 2003 interview U-0012, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
Oral history interview with James Arthur Jones, November 19, 2003 interview U-0005, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)
"Weaving an Epic Story": Ella Cara Deloria's Pageant for the Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina, 1940–1941
By Susan Gardner; The Mississippi quarterly, 2006, Vol.60 (1), p.33-58
Let Them Be Heard: Bringing Native American Experience Closer in Teaching
By Edyta Wood; Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 2018, Vol.53 (1), p.395-412
The Doris Duke Program in Scope and Sequence
By Kathryn L. Jasper,; Journal of the Southwest, 2005, Vol.47 (1), p.153-164

History

The Lowrie War
Origins and Migrations
Native Peoples of the Americas (Samuel Proctor Oral History Program: Native Peoples of the Americas)
Fifty years ago, Dr. Adolph Dial began to interview and collect stories from Lumbee elders. These interviews were recorded, in part, by the Samuel Proctor Oral History Program (SPOHP) staff as part of the Doris Duke Native American Oral History Project. They are currently housed at the University of Florida. That project continued as researchers from the University of Florida’s Samuel Proctor Oral History Program (SPOHP) traveled to the Lumbee Tribal territory to resume interviewing Lumbee elders as a means to revitalize and record new oral histories.
The legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina

Lumbee v. KKK

The History of the Lumbee Indians w/ Malinda Maynor Lowery
Podcast featuring Dr. Malinda Maynor Lowery, UNC Chapel Hill. Dr. Lowery discusses the history of the Lumbee, as well as the events leading up to the Battle of Hays Pond.
Battle of Hayes Pond: Routing of the KKK
When Carolina Indians Went on the Warpath: The Media, the Klan, and the Lumbees of North Carolina
Showdown at Hayes Pond: Testimonials from the Fayetteville Observer's Fiftieth Anniversary Commemoration of the Klan-Lumbee Clash
Showdown at Hayes Pond: Testimonials from the Fayetteville Observer's Fiftieth Anniversary Commemoration of the Klan-Lumbee Clash
By James Jones; Southern cultures, 2008, Vol.14 (4), p.62-64

W. Brent Burgin Archives: Lumbee

Lumbee

Politics

Resources

History

Lumbee v. KKK

Federal Recognition